The settler does not start after Patch 1.06 or the Windows 10 Creators Update is a standard issue and can be fixed easily by downloading a new Settlers .exe file and starting the game with it.
Download the file w10cu.zip and open it.
http://workupload.com/file/VwbhS5Z
In it you will find two files, one with the name settlershok_w10cu and one with the name shokmapeditor_w10cu .
These files must now be copied to the correct folders in the settler installation directory, see step 2.
To get to the settler installation directory, start Windows Explorer and click through your directory structure until you find the folder where you have installed settlers. The path to this could e.g. look like this:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Ubisoft\Bluebyte\THE SETTLER - Heritage of Kings - Gold Edition
Instead of Program Files (x86) is the folder in German Programs (x86) .
Here you will find a file named settlershok (settlershok.exe) in the folders bin , extra1 / bin and extra2 / bin ).
You can now either put the settlershok_w10cu just in the appropriate folder to copy and start directly or you rename settershok_w10cu to settlershok and replace the new files with the old settershok files.
Only in the last case you can continue to use your old desktop shortcuts.
This file comes in the same folder and you need it if you want to start the map editor in Windows 10 with the Creators Update.